Perineal massage is a preventive physical measure that consists of tactile stimulation of the tissues and skin of the perineum. Numerous studies agree that it is beneficial because it increases the elasticity of the perineum area and promotes blood circulation in the area, thus facilitating relaxation of this area during childbirth. Perineal massage has been shown to reduce trauma and perineal injuries during childbirth, episiotomies (surgical cuts made in the perineum to promote the expulsion of the baby), gas incontinence, and pain in the three subsequent months. to childbirth.
The perineum is the area that is located at the bottom of the pelvis and has a rhomboid shape. It is formed by a set of muscles and ligaments whose function is to support the pelvic organs: bladder, urethra, uterus, vagina, rectum and anus. These structures make it possible to maintain the correct position of all the organs and perform the relevant functions: urination, defecation, intercourse, childbirth, and ensure urinary and fecal continence. The perineum becomes more flexible and acts to favor the exit of the fetus during childbirth.
Perineal massage is an easy technique to perform and without harmful effects that, among other things, reduces episiotomy and postpartum pain; promotes self-care and knowledge of the body; and allows the participation of the couple.
Llevadonas, the leading center in Barcelona for preparation for childbirth and postpartum recovery, recommends starting this technique from week 32 (7 and a half months) of pregnancy and recommends doing it twice a week, although it can be done daily. The important thing is the constancy to favor the elasticity of the tissues. It can be done by the pregnant woman or the couple and this is especially recommended when the pregnancy progresses and the volume of the abdomen increases.
Fingers should be inserted into the vagina 3-4 cm from the opening of the orifice and should move down the perineum (rectum area) and to both sides of the vagina, stretching the area a little until you feel a burning sensation. Pressure should be maintained in the area for 2 minutes or until discomfort is felt. Finally, with the thumb and the opposite finger and in a clockwise direction (from 9 o'clock to 3 o'clock) movements will be made to and fro (back and forth) for 3-4 minutes, stretching the tissue of the vagina, its muscles and the skin of the perineum.
At first the technique can be uncomfortable and should be done without forcing the tissues. Little by little, the discomfort will gradually disappear. As a concern, pressure should be avoided on the urethral area to avoid urinary infections and of course, if there is pain, the massage should be finished.
According to Llevadonas, perineal massage should not be performed if there are active vaginal or urinary infections, if the pregnant woman has vulvar varicose veins and if there are medical contraindications.
