Cholestasis, as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is known, is a liver condition that some pregnant women suffer towards the end of their gestation period. Specifically, this usually appears around the end of the second trimester or towards the third. Its main characteristic is the itching that pregnant women feel, which often affects the hands and feet. Although it is also possible to experience it in other parts of the body.
According to different studies, its incidence is variable, since it is affected by multiple factors, but in the European population it has been detected that it occurs at rates of 10-200 per 10,000 pregnancies. The causes have to do with both genetic, hormonal and even environmental factors. It is a liver disease that resolves after childbirth, however, it will be necessary to have medical assistance to prevent complications from arising, due to the risk that exists, especially for the baby.
The most common way to identify a case of cholestasis of pregnancy has to do with the presence of pruritus, that is, that annoying itching that is felt despite there being no rash or something similar. This sensation, mainly in the hands and soles of the feet, often worsens at night and may even make it difficult to sleep.
However, it is worth paying attention to another series of symptoms. These are nausea, loss of appetite, a yellowish color to the skin that is also perceived in the eyes, and stools with a different texture and a particularly strong odor. If you detect these signs, especially if they are accompanied by itching, you should consult with medical personnel as soon as possible.
Among the most common risk factors in cases of cholestasis are personal or family history, other liver diseases, pregnancies at ages 35 and older and also in situations of multiple pregnancy.
Cholestasis causes high levels of bile acid in the blood, which is why this represents the main risk for both the mother's health and, above all, for the baby that is still developing. Among the most frequent complications are premature births, lung problems caused by aspiration of meconium and, in the worst cases, the death of the baby before delivery. Mothers may also suffer from complications such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia.
For all this, it will be essential that you go to the doctor as soon as you detect the first symptoms so that a personalized study can be carried out. Next, the best course of action will be indicated in each case, and it may be necessary to induce labor before the expected date.
