The second heat wave that begins this Monday will push the thermometers above 40 degrees in a good part of the Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. To avoid the serious health problems that prolonged exposure to the sun and high temperatures can cause, the authorities ask citizens to take extreme precautionary measures during the days that this episode of heat lasts.
Although no one is safe from suffering skin burns or disorders caused by thermal stress, it is necessary to be aware of the most vulnerable population groups, that is, those over 65 years of age, children -especially those under five years - and people with chronic diseases. All these groups, as well as those people who carry out work activities that involve a lot of physical effort, must be specially protected to avoid health risks.
In the first place, it is advisable not to do intense activities during the hottest hours, to stay in cool places or where there is the possibility of cooling off, such as swimming pools, beaches and squares with water jets or fountains suitable for bathing. Likewise, it is necessary to avoid carrying out activities that require significant physical effort when exposed to high temperatures.
In addition, it is essential to drink water and fluids, except alcohol, frequently and without waiting to be thirsty. It must be taken into account, however, that hydration is also achieved through diet, so avoid too hot and copious meals and prioritize the intake of fruits rich in water content such as watermelon, melon or pear, which provide an extra dose of water.
Clothing is another important factor to better combat high temperatures. In this sense, it is recommended to wear appropriate clothing: preferably light, breathable and light-colored, as they help maintain body temperature and reduce heat. It is also advisable to wear a hat or cap to protect yourself from the sun and wear cool and comfortable shoes.
Skin care is another factor to take into account when exposing yourself to the sun for a long time, so it will be necessary to avoid burns and other dermatological problems using lotions to protect yourself from the sun's rays. The authorities recommend applying the cream -with a factor greater than 15- about 30 minutes before leaving home, and repeating the operation often to prevent it from losing effectiveness.
At home, it is suggested to keep the windows and blinds closed to protect the home from heat and take advantage of the opportunity to ventilate the house at night, when temperatures have dropped. Finally, never leave children, the elderly or animals alone in vehicles with the windows closed.
The first signs of overheating are cramps, skin irritation or burning, exhaustion, or a high temperature. In these cases, it is recommended to seek shelter in the shade or in an air-conditioned place; drink a cool non-alcoholic drink, rest, take a cool bath or shower, and change into light clothing. If more serious symptoms appear, such as headache, vomiting or loss of consciousness, you should see a doctor quickly, through the emergency service or by calling 061 or 112.
